iapws._iapws module¶
Miscelaneous IAPWS standards. This module include:
_Ice()
: Ice Ih state equation_Liquid()
: Properties of liquid water at 0.1 MPa_Supercooled()
: Thermodynamic properties of supercooled water_Sublimation_Pressure()
: Sublimation pressure correlation_Melting_Pressure()
: Melting pressure correlation_Viscosity()
: Viscosity correlation_ThCond()
: Themal conductivity correlation_Tension()
: Surface tension correlation_Dielectric()
: Dielectric constant correlation_Refractive()
: Refractive index correlation_Kw()
: Ionization constant correlation for ordinary water_Conductivity()
: Electrolytic conductivity correlation_D2O_Viscosity()
: Viscosity correlation for heavy water_D2O_ThCond()
: Thermal conductivity correlation for heavy water_D2O_Tension()
: Surface tension correlation for heavy water_D2O_Sublimation_Pressure()
: Sublimation Pressure correlation for heavy water_D2O_Melting_Pressure()
: Melting Pressure correlation for heavy water_Henry()
: Henry constant for liquid-gas equilibrium_Kvalue()
: Vapor-liquid distribution constant
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iapws._iapws.
_Ice
(T, P)[source]¶ Basic state equation for Ice Ih
Parameters: Returns: prop –
Dict with calculated properties of ice. The available properties are:
- rho: Density, [kg/m³]
- h: Specific enthalpy, [kJ/kg]
- u: Specific internal energy, [kJ/kg]
- a: Specific Helmholtz energy, [kJ/kg]
- g: Specific Gibbs energy, [kJ/kg]
- s: Specific entropy, [kJ/kgK]
- cp: Specific isobaric heat capacity, [kJ/kgK]
- alfav: Cubic expansion coefficient, [1/K]
- beta: Pressure coefficient, [MPa/K]
- xkappa: Isothermal compressibility, [1/MPa]
- ks: Isentropic compressibility, [1/MPa]
- gt: [∂g/∂T]P
- gtt: [∂²g/∂T²]P
- gp: [∂g/∂P]T
- gpp: [∂²g/∂P²]T
- gtp: [∂²g/∂T∂P]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- T ≤ 273.16
- P ≤ 208.566
- State below the melting and sublimation lines
Examples
>>> st1 = _Ice(100, 100) >>> st1["rho"], st1["h"], st1["s"] 941.678203297 -483.491635676 -2.61195122589
>>> st2 = _Ice(273.152519,0.101325) >>> st2["a"], st2["u"], st2["cp"] -0.00918701567 -333.465403393 2.09671391024
>>> st3 = _Ice(273.16,611.657e-6) >>> st3["alfav"], st3["beta"], st3["xkappa"], st3["ks"] 0.000159863102566 1.35714764659 1.17793449348e-04 1.14161597779e-04
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on the Equation of State 2006 for H2O Ice Ih September 2009, http://iapws.org/relguide/Ice-2009.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Liquid
(T, P=0.1)[source]¶ Supplementary release on properties of liquid water at 0.1 MPa
Parameters: Returns: prop –
Dict with calculated properties of water. The available properties are:
- h: Specific enthalpy, [kJ/kg]
- u: Specific internal energy, [kJ/kg]
- a: Specific Helmholtz energy, [kJ/kg]
- g: Specific Gibbs energy, [kJ/kg]
- s: Specific entropy, [kJ/kgK]
- cp: Specific isobaric heat capacity, [kJ/kgK]
- cv: Specific isochoric heat capacity, [kJ/kgK]
- w: Speed of sound, [m/s²]
- rho: Density, [kg/m³]
- v: Specific volume, [m³/kg]
- vt: [∂v/∂T]P, [m³/kgK]
- vtt: [∂²v/∂T²]P, [m³/kgK²]
- vp: [∂v/∂P]T, [m³/kg/MPa]
- vtp: [∂²v/∂T∂P], [m³/kg/MPa]
- alfav: Cubic expansion coefficient, [1/K]
- xkappa : Isothermal compressibility, [1/MPa]
- ks: Isentropic compressibility, [1/MPa]
- mu: Viscosity, [Pas]
- k: Thermal conductivity, [W/mK]
- epsilon: Dielectric constant, [-]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 253.15 ≤ T ≤ 383.15
- 0.1 ≤ P ≤ 0.3
Examples
>>> st1 = _Liquid(260) >>> st1["rho"], st1["h"], st1["s"] 997.0683602710492 -55.86223174460868 -0.20998554842619535
References
IAPWS, Revised Supplementary Release on Properties of Liquid Water at 0.1 MPa, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/LiquidWater.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Supercooled
(T, P)[source]¶ Guideline on thermodynamic properties of supercooled water
Parameters: Returns: prop –
Dict with calculated properties of water. The available properties are:
- L: Ordering field, [-]
- x: Mole fraction of low-density structure, [-]
- rho: Density, [kg/m³]
- s: Specific entropy, [kJ/kgK]
- h: Specific enthalpy, [kJ/kg]
- u: Specific internal energy, [kJ/kg]
- a: Specific Helmholtz energy, [kJ/kg]
- g: Specific Gibbs energy, [kJ/kg]
- alfap: Thermal expansion coefficient, [1/K]
- xkappa : Isothermal compressibility, [1/MPa]
- cp: Specific isobaric heat capacity, [kJ/kgK]
- cv: Specific isochoric heat capacity, [kJ/kgK]
- w: Speed of sound, [m/s²]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- Tm ≤ T ≤ 300
- 0 < P ≤ 1000
The minimum temperature in range of validity is the melting temperature, it depend of pressure
Raise
RuntimeError
if solution isn’t foundedExamples
>>> liq = _supercooled(235.15, 0.101325) >>> liq["rho"], liq["cp"], liq["w"] 968.09999 5.997563 1134.5855
References
iapws, guideline on thermodynamic properties of supercooled water, http://iapws.org/relguide/Supercooled.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Sublimation_Pressure
(T)[source]¶ Sublimation Pressure correlation
Parameters: T (float) – Temperature, [K] Returns: P – Pressure at sublimation line, [MPa] Return type: float Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 50 ≤ T ≤ 273.16
Examples
>>> _Sublimation_Pressure(230) 8.947352740189152e-06
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on the Pressure along the Melting and Sublimation Curves of Ordinary Water Substance, http://iapws.org/relguide/MeltSub.html.
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iapws._iapws.
_Melting_Pressure
(T, ice='Ih')[source]¶ Melting Pressure correlation
Parameters: - T (float) – Temperature, [K]
- ice (string) – Type of ice: Ih, III, V, VI, VII. Below 273.15 is a mandatory input, the ice Ih is the default value. Above 273.15, the ice type is unnecesary.
Returns: P – Pressure at sublimation line, [MPa]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 251.165 ≤ T ≤ 715
Examples
>>> _Melting_Pressure(260) 8.947352740189152e-06 >>> _Melting_Pressure(254, "III") 268.6846466336108
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on the Pressure along the Melting and Sublimation Curves of Ordinary Water Substance, http://iapws.org/relguide/MeltSub.html.
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iapws._iapws.
_Viscosity
(rho, T, fase=None, drho=None)[source]¶ Equation for the Viscosity
Parameters: Returns: μ – Viscosity, [Pa·s]
Return type: Examples
>>> _Viscosity(998, 298.15) 0.0008897351001498108 >>> _Viscosity(600, 873.15) 7.743019522728247e-05
References
IAPWS, Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/viscosity.html
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iapws._iapws.
_ThCond
(rho, T, fase=None, drho=None)[source]¶ Equation for the thermal conductivity
Parameters: Returns: k – Thermal conductivity, [W/mK]
Return type: Examples
>>> _ThCond(998, 298.15) 0.6077128675880629 >>> _ThCond(0, 873.15) 0.07910346589648833
References
IAPWS, Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/ThCond.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Tension
(T)[source]¶ Equation for the surface tension
Parameters: T (float) – Temperature, [K] Returns: σ – Surface tension, [N/m] Return type: float Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 248.15 ≤ T ≤ 647
- Estrapolate to -25ºC in supercooled liquid metastable state
Examples
>>> _Tension(300) 0.0716859625 >>> _Tension(450) 0.0428914992
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance June 2014, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Surf-H2O.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Dielectric
(rho, T)[source]¶ Equation for the Dielectric constant
Parameters: Returns: epsilon – Dielectric constant, [-]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 238 ≤ T ≤ 1200
Examples
>>> _Dielectric(999.242866, 298.15) 78.5907250 >>> _Dielectric(26.0569558, 873.15) 1.12620970
References
IAPWS, Release on the Static Dielectric Constant of Ordinary Water Substance for Temperatures from 238 K to 873 K and Pressures up to 1000 MPa, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Dielec.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Refractive
(rho, T, lr=0.5893)[source]¶ Equation for the refractive index
Parameters: Returns: n – Refractive index, [-]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1060
- 261.15 ≤ T ≤ 773.15
- 0.2 ≤ λ ≤ 1.1
Examples
>>> _Refractive(997.047435, 298.15, 0.2265) 1.39277824 >>> _Refractive(30.4758534, 773.15, 0.5893) 1.00949307
References
IAPWS, Release on the Refractive Index of Ordinary Water Substance as a Function of Wavelength, Temperature and Pressure, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/rindex.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_Kw
(rho, T)[source]¶ Equation for the ionization constant of ordinary water
Parameters: Returns: pKw – Ionization constant in -log10(kw), [-]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1250
- 273.15 ≤ T ≤ 1073.15
Examples
>>> _Kw(1000, 300) 13.906565
References
IAPWS, Release on the Ionization Constant of H2O, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Ionization.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_Conductivity
(rho, T)[source]¶ Equation for the electrolytic conductivity of liquid and dense supercrítical water
Parameters: Returns: K – Electrolytic conductivity, [S/m]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 600 ≤ ρ ≤ 1200
- 273.15 ≤ T ≤ 1073.15
Examples
>>> _Conductivity(1000, 373.15) 1.13
References
IAPWS, Electrolytic Conductivity (Specific Conductance) of Liquid and Dense Supercritical Water from 0°C to 800°C and Pressures up to 1000 MPa, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/conduct.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_D2O_Viscosity
(rho, T, fase=None, drho=None)[source]¶ Equation for the Viscosity of heavy water
Parameters: Returns: μ – Viscosity, [Pa·s]
Return type: Examples
>>> _D2O_Viscosity(998, 298.15) 0.0008897351001498108 >>> _D2O_Viscosity(600, 873.15) 7.743019522728247e-05
References
IAPWS, Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2020 for the Viscosity of Heavy Water, http://iapws.org/relguide/D2Ovisc.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_D2O_ThCond
(rho, T, fase=None, drho=None)[source]¶ Equation for the thermal conductivity of heavy water
Parameters: Returns: k – Thermal conductivity, [W/mK]
Return type: Examples
>>> _D2O_ThCond(998, 298.15) 0.6077128675880629 >>> _D2O_ThCond(0, 873.15) 0.07910346589648833
References
IAPWS, Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2021 for the Thermal Conductivity of Heavy Water, http://iapws.org/relguide/D2OThCond.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_D2O_Tension
(T)[source]¶ Equation for the surface tension of heavy water
Parameters: T (float) – Temperature, [K] Returns: σ – Surface tension, [N/m] Return type: float Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 269.65 ≤ T ≤ 643.847
Examples
>>> _D2O_Tension(298.15) 0.07186 >>> _D2O_Tension(573.15) 0.01399
References
IAPWS, Release on Surface Tension of Heavy Water Substance, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/surfd2o.pdf
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iapws._iapws.
_D2O_Sublimation_Pressure
(T)[source]¶ Sublimation Pressure correlation for heavy water
Parameters: T (float) – Temperature, [K] Returns: P – Pressure at sublimation line, [MPa] Return type: float Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 210 ≤ T ≤ 276.969
Examples
>>> _Sublimation_Pressure(245) 3.27390934e-5
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2017 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Heavy Water, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Heavy.html.
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iapws._iapws.
_D2O_Melting_Pressure
(T, ice='Ih')[source]¶ Melting Pressure correlation for heavy water
Parameters: - T (float) – Temperature, [K]
- ice (string) – Type of ice: Ih, III, V, VI, VII. Below 276.969 is a mandatory input, the ice Ih is the default value. Above 276.969, the ice type is unnecesary.
Returns: P – Pressure at melting line, [MPa]
Return type: Notes
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input isn’t in limit:- 254.415 ≤ T ≤ 315
Examples
>>> _D2O__Melting_Pressure(260) 8.947352740189152e-06 >>> _D2O__Melting_Pressure(254, "III") 268.6846466336108
References
IAPWS, Revised Release on the Pressure along the Melting and Sublimation Curves of Ordinary Water Substance, http://iapws.org/relguide/MeltSub.html.
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iapws._iapws.
_Henry
(T, gas, liquid='H2O')[source]¶ Equation for the calculation of Henry’s constant
Parameters: - T (float) – Temperature, [K]
- gas (string) – Name of gas to calculate solubility
- liquid (string) – Name of liquid solvent, can be H20 (default) or D2O
Returns: kw – Henry’s constant, [MPa]
Return type: Notes
The gas availables for H2O solvent are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, O2, CO, CO2, H2S, CH4, C2H6, SF6 For D2O as solvent He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, D2, CH4
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input gas or liquid are unsupportedExamples
>>> _Henry(500, "He") 1.1973 >>> _Henry(300, "D2", "D2O") 1.6594
References
IAPWS, Guideline on the Henry’s Constant and Vapor-Liquid Distribution Constant for Gases in H2O and D2O at High Temperatures, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/HenGuide.html
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iapws._iapws.
_Kvalue
(T, gas, liquid='H2O')[source]¶ Equation for the vapor-liquid distribution constant
Parameters: - T (float) – Temperature, [K]
- gas (string) – Name of gas to calculate solubility
- liquid (string) – Name of liquid solvent, can be H20 (default) or D2O
Returns: kd – Vapor-liquid distribution constant, [-]
Return type: Notes
The gas availables for H2O solvent are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, O2, CO, CO2, H2S, CH4, C2H6, SF6
For D2O as solvent He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, D2, CH4
Raise
NotImplementedError
if input gas or liquid are unsupportedExamples
>>> _Kvalue(600, "He") 3.8019 >>> _Kvalue(300, "D2", "D2O") 14.3520
References
IAPWS, Guideline on the Henry’s Constant and Vapor-Liquid Distribution Constant for Gases in H2O and D2O at High Temperatures, http://www.iapws.org/relguide/HenGuide.html